LED ceiling lamps are widely used in the commercial lighting field, and the home lighting field is still slowly infiltrating. How to choose LED ceiling light is the urgent concern of every user.

LED ceiling lamps are widely used in commercial lighting, including single (one LED lamp bead, the following analogy), 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15 and the power of each lamp bead There are 1W and 3W. Various specifications are suitable for use in different places, mainly depending on the brightness, irradiation distance, and installation width required by the user.

How to choose LED ceiling lights is mainly considered from the following three aspects:

1. Look at the radiator used by the lamp: The rate of heat dissipation of the lamp beads determines the degree of light decay and service life of the whole lamp. The lamp beads work under high temperature for a long time, the light decays quickly, and the life is very short, and the ceiling lamp with poor brightness can not achieve the effect of accent lighting.

The mainstream LED ceiling lamp radiator solutions include an integral radiator method, a single lamp bead and a cooling column method, and an external fan cooling method.

The current user-recognized method is a single bead lamp with a heat dissipation column method. In this way, the heat generated when each lamp bead emits light is quickly dissipated through the heat dissipation column to ensure timely heat dissipation. The integral radiator conducts all the heat generated by the lamp beads to the aluminum substrate, and then dissipates it through the radiator, and the heat dissipation speed is slightly slower.

The size of the radiator and the quality of the aluminum material affect the speed of heat dissipation, and also affect the price of the entire lamp.

2. Look at the power supply of the lamp (commonly known as the transformer):

The quality of the transformer also determines the life of the whole lamp. The lamp bead can be used for more than 50,000 hours, but if the transformer is broken, the whole lamp will not be able to light up. The electronic components and design schemes used in the transformer determine the efficiency, power factor, stability, temperature rise, and service life of the transformer. If the user does not understand the knowledge of components, he can make a preliminary judgment from the size and weight of the transformer, and the electrolytic capacitor used by the manufacturer. The quality of the transformer accounts for a large proportion of the price difference of LED ceiling lamps.

3. Understand the brand and packaging of the lamp beads: The quality of the lamp beads determines the lighting effect of the LED ceiling lamp, and the packaging process affects the key factors such as the quality of the lamp beads and heat dissipation. Lamp beads chips include American chips, Taiwanese chips, and domestic chips. Different brands have great price differences and different lighting effects.

Users can learn about the lamp bead solution by consulting the manufacturer, which depends on the manufacturer's degree of integrity. Many low-priced ceiling lamps are made of defective products from the chip production line. The color temperature is inconsistent, the brightness is poor, and the life is short. Users need to pay attention.

With the rush of the market, as consumers, it is still necessary to be calm when choosing LED flexible light strips, scientifically analyze and choose the best cost-effective light sources and lamps. The basic performance of several LEDs is introduced below:

1. The brightness of the LED is different, and the price is different. The LEDs used in LED lamps should meet the laser class Ⅰ standard.

2. The LED with strong antistatic ability has long life and high price. Generally, LEDs with anti-static voltage greater than 700V can be used for LED lighting.

3. LEDs with the same wavelength and wavelength have the same color. If the color is required to be the same, the price is high. It is difficult for manufacturers without LED spectrophotometers to produce products with pure colors.

4. Leakage current LED is a unidirectional conductive light-emitting body. If there is a reverse current, it is called leakage. LEDs with large leakage current have short life and low price.

5. LEDs with different light-emitting angles have different light-emitting angles. Special lighting angle, higher price. Such as full diffusion angle, the price is higher.

6. The key to different quality of life is life, and life is determined by light decay. Low light decay, long life, long life, high price.

7. The luminous body of the chip LED is a chip, and the price of different chips varies greatly. Chips in Japan and the United States are more expensive. Generally, the prices of chips made in Taiwan and China are lower than those in Japan and the United States.

8. Chip size The size of the chip is expressed by the side length. The quality of the large chip LED is better than that of the small chip. The price is proportional to the size of the chip.

9. Colloid The colloid of ordinary LEDs is generally epoxy resin. LEDs with anti-ultraviolet and fire retardants are more expensive. High-quality outdoor LED lighting should be anti-ultraviolet and fireproof.

Each product will have a different design. Different designs are suitable for different purposes. The reliability design of LED lighting includes: electrical safety, fire safety, applicable environmental safety, mechanical safety, health safety, safe use time and other factors. From the perspective of electrical safety, it should comply with relevant international and national standards. As LED is a new product, China's national standards are lagging behind, but the country provides product qualification tests. The price of LED lighting with international safety certification (such as GS, CE, UL, etc.) and national product quality certification is higher because these products are reliable in safety design. Consumers should pay attention to the authenticity of the certificate. There are not many manufacturers with international safety certification and national product certification.

In terms of health, the price of products designed with non-toxic materials is higher, especially indoor LED lighting. Don't be greedy for cheap LED lighting with peculiar smell. At present, only a few LED manufacturers use non-toxic materials to produce and identify methods. It can be separated directly by the nose, and the price of smelly products is much lower than that of odorless products. Toxins such as lead, mercury, and cadmium need to be analyzed by professionals. From the perspective of applicable environmental safety, there are reliable dust-proof and moisture-proof design, and the price of LED products with fire-proof, UV-proof, and low-temperature cracking prevention is high.

In recent years, LED tube has become one of the first LED lamps to enter the room, because it has many advantages over energy-saving lamps.

The following Ougexing Technology LED fluorescent tube engineering department will tell you about the 10 advantages of energy-saving LED tubes:

1. High luminous efficiency

The luminous efficiency of energy-saving lamps is about 55-80 lm/w (the luminous efficiency of Philips t8 energy-saving lamps is 72 lm/w), and the luminous efficiency of LEDs is above 100 lm/w. Recently, the new products of Curry in the United States are luminous The efficiency has reached 0 lumens/w, and it will continue to improve in the future. The difference between the two has now nearly doubled. In the future, it may reach more than 3 times.

2. High efficiency of lamps and lanterns

The efficiency of the lamp mainly refers to the effective light effect, because the energy-saving lamp emits light in 360 degrees, and the light emitted in the opposite direction is useless. Therefore, energy-saving lamps usually use a white lampshade, which can reflect a considerable part of the reverse light. Generally speaking, the efficiency of energy-saving lamps is only about 70%. The LED tube emits light at 120 degrees, so all light is effective light. Although the 120-degree light-emitting angle is sometimes a bit narrower, it is still sufficient in most cases. And the light-emitting angle can also be adjusted according to needs.

As mentioned earlier, the luminous efficiency of Ougexing's t8 energy-saving lamps is 72lm/w. The 36w energy-saving lamps emit a total of 2592 lumens, but the lamp efficiency is only 70%, so the effective lumens is 1814.4 lumens, and the luminous efficiency of LEDs has exceeded 0lm/w, assuming 100lm/w, then as long as 18w can reach 1800 lumens, that is, as long as half the power of the energy-saving lamp can have the same brightness.

And the luminous efficiency of the led tube is still increasing year by year.

3. High power efficiency

Because all lamps except incandescent lamps need a special power supply, the efficiency of the power supply also affects the efficiency of the entire lamp.

Take the 36wt8 energy-saving lamp as an example. Its rated output power is 36w, but due to the inductive ballast, the measured input power is 42.4w, that is, the iron core inductance loss is 6.4w, and the efficiency is reduced to 85%. Most domestic iron core inductance power consumption Above 10w, the power factor is lower than 0.512. The power efficiency of LEDs is usually as high as 90%, and an 18w LED tube only needs 20w input power. The power factor can also reach above 0.9.

Compared with energy-saving lamps, it can save more than half of the electricity, which means that an 18-watt LED tube can replace a 36-watt energy-saving lamp.

Not only that, but LED tubes have many other advantages:

4. Long life

The life span of a carefully designed LED tube can reach 50,000 hours. The life of an energy-saving lamp is usually only 5,000 hours (some domestic energy-saving lamps have a lifespan of only 300 hours). The difference between the two is nearly 10 times. The best long-life fluorescent lamp is only 10,000 hours, and the difference between the two is 5 times.

5. No mercury, no pollution

We know that all energy-saving lamps contain mercury. 36mm energy-saving lamps contain 25-45mg of mercury, 26mm (t8) contains 20mg of mercury. Energy-saving lamps use fragile glass as the outer shell. Once the glass is broken, the mercury in it will immediately evaporate into the air, instantly making the mercury concentration in the surrounding air reach 10-20 mg/m3, which exceeds the national level. 1000-2000 times the prescribed value. Mercury is a toxic substance that is very harmful to the human body. When mercury vapor reaches 0.04 to 3 mg, it will cause chronic poisoning within 2 to 3 months, and when it reaches 1.2 to 8.5 mg, it will induce acute mercury poisoning. If the amount reaches 20 Milligrams will directly cause animal death. And 1mg of mercury is enough to pollute 5,454.5 kg of drinking water, making it less than drinking standards. The LED tube does not contain any toxic substances and is a completely green and environmentally friendly light source without pollution.

6. The color temperature range is wide, almost any color temperature can be provided, and it can also provide red, green, blue and even any color of light.

7. The color rendering index is high. The color rendering index of incandescent lamps is 95, energy-saving lamps is 65-80, and LED tubes can be >80.

8. No ultraviolet radiation.

9. Non-glass products, not easy to break, impact resistance and vibration resistance.

10. The LED tube with an external isolated power supply can not touch the high voltage of the mains at both ends of the tube, and only has a DC safety voltage lower than 36v. There is no danger of electric shock, and it is a completely safe lamp.

Market disadvantages of LED fluorescent tubes

The only disadvantage of the current LED fluorescent lamp is the high price. However, although the current price of LED fluorescent lamps is about ten times that of fluorescent lamps, it is still cost-effective if it is related to its lifespan, power saving and pollution-free point of view. Because if compared with a fluorescent lamp with a lifespan of 5,000 hours, an led fluorescent lamp with a lifespan of 50,000 hours is already worth buying 10 times the price, and the energy saved in the meantime is a pure benefit. In Japan, because fluorescent lamps contain mercury, a broken fluorescent lamp has to pay the same amount of money as a new fluorescent lamp as a toxic substance disposal fee. Therefore, even if long-life (10,000 hours) fluorescent lamps are used in Japan, the cost is equivalent to 10 times more expensive LED fluorescent lamps.

1. Describe several indicator forms that the input voltage affects the output voltage

⑴ Voltage stabilization coefficient

① Absolute voltage regulation coefficient K

It means the ratio of the output DC voltage change △Uo of the regulated power supply to the input power grid voltage change △Ui when the load is constant, that is, K=△Uo/△Ui.

② Relative voltage stabilization coefficient S

It means the ratio of the relative change △Uo/Uo of the output DC voltage Uo of the regulator to the relative change △Ui/Ui of the input grid voltage Ui when the load is constant, that is, S=△Uo/Uo / △Ui/Ui.

⑵ Grid adjustment rate

When the input grid voltage changes by +/-10% from the rated value, the relative change in the output voltage of the regulated power supply is sometimes expressed as an absolute value.

⑶ Voltage stability

The load current is maintained at any value within the rated range, and the relative change in output voltage △Uo/Uo (percentage) caused by the change of the input voltage within the specified range is called the voltage stability of the regulator.

2. Several indicator forms of the load's influence on the output voltage

⑴ Load regulation rate (also called current regulation rate)

Under the rated grid voltage, when the load current changes from zero to the maximum value, the maximum relative change of the output voltage is usually expressed as a percentage, and sometimes expressed as an absolute change.

⑵ Output resistance (also called equivalent internal resistance or internal resistance)

Under the rated grid voltage, the output voltage changes △Uo due to the load current change △IL, then the output resistance is Ro=|△Uo/△IL|Ω.

3. Several indicator forms of ripple voltage

⑴ Maximum ripple voltage

Under the rated output voltage and load current, the absolute value of the output voltage ripple (including noise) is usually expressed in terms of peak value or effective value.

⑵ Ripple coefficient Y (%)

Under the rated load current, the ratio of the effective value Urms of the output ripple voltage to the output DC voltage Uo is Y=Umrs/Uo x100%.

⑶ Ripple voltage suppression ratio

Under the specified ripple frequency (for example, 50HZ), the ratio of the ripple voltage Ui~ in the input voltage to the ripple voltage Uo~ in the output voltage, namely: ripple voltage suppression ratio=Ui~/Uo~.

4. Electrical safety requirements

⑴ Safety requirements for power supply structure

① Space requirements

UL, CSA, and VDE safety regulations emphasize the requirements for the surface and space distances between live parts and between live parts and non-charged metal parts. UL and CSA requirements: between high-voltage conductors with an inter-electrode voltage greater than or equal to 250VAC, as well as between high-voltage conductors and non-charged metal parts (not including between conductors), whether between the surface or in the space, there should be 0.1 inch VDE requires 3mm creep or 2mm clearance between AC lines; IEC requires: 3mm clearance between AC lines and 4mm clearance between AC lines and grounding conductors. In addition, VDE and IEC require at least 8mm space between the output and input of the power supply.

② Dielectric test method

Hit high voltage: between input and output, input and ground, and input AC.

③ Leakage current measurement

Leakage current is the current flowing through the ground on the input side. In the switching power supply, it is mainly the leakage current through the bypass capacitor of the noise filter. UL and CSA require that the exposed non-charged metal parts should be connected to the earth. The leakage current measurement is by connecting these parts to the earth with a 1.5kΩ resistor, and the leakage current should not be greater than 5 milliamperes. VDE allows the use of 1.5kΩ resistors and 150nPF capacitors to be connected in parallel, and 1.06 times the rated operating voltage is applied. For data processing equipment, the leakage current should not be greater than 3.5mA, generally about 1mA.

④ Insulation resistance test

VDE requirements: There should be a 7MΩ resistance between the input and the low-voltage output circuit, and between the accessible metal part and the input, there should be a 2MΩ resistance or add 500V DC voltage for 1min.

⑤Printed circuit board

It is required to use UL-certified 94V-2 material or better.

⑵ Safety requirements for the structure of power transformers

① Insulation of transformer

The copper wire used in the winding of the transformer should be enameled wire, and other metal parts should be coated with insulating materials such as porcelain and lacquer.

② The dielectric strength of the transformer

In the experiment, there should be no insulation cracking and arcing.

③ Insulation resistance of transformer

The insulation resistance between the transformer windings is at least 10MΩ. Apply a 500 volt DC voltage between the windings and the magnetic core, skeleton, and shielding layer for 1 min. There should be no breakdown or arcing.

④ Humidity resistance of transformer

After the transformer is placed in a humid environment, the insulation resistance and dielectric strength test must be carried out immediately and meet the requirements. The humidity environment is generally: the relative humidity is 92% (tolerance is 2%), the temperature is stable between 20°C and 30°C, and the error is allowed to be 1%. The above experiment should be carried out immediately after being placed inside for at least 48 hours. At this time, the temperature of the transformer itself should not be 4°C higher than before entering the humid environment.

⑤ VDE requirements regarding transformer temperature characteristics.

⑥ UL and CSA requirements on transformer temperature characteristics.

5. Electromagnetic compatibility test

Electromagnetic compatibility refers to the ability of a device or system to work normally in a common electromagnetic environment without causing unbearable electromagnetic interference to anything in the environment.

There are generally two ways of propagation of electromagnetic interference waves, which should be evaluated according to each way. One way is to propagate to the power line in a longer wavelength frequency band to interfere with the emission area, generally below 30MHz. This long-wavelength frequency is less than one wavelength within the length of the power cord attached to the electronic device, and the amount of radiation into the space is also very small, so the voltage generated on the led power cord can be grasped, and then it can be Fully evaluate the size of the interference, this kind of noise is called conducted noise.

When the frequency reaches above 30MHz, the wavelength will also become shorter. At this time, if only the voltage of the noise source that occurs in the power line is evaluated, it does not match the actual interference. Therefore, a method of evaluating the magnitude of noise by directly measuring the interference wave propagating into the space is adopted, and the noise is called radiated noise. Methods of measuring radiated noise include direct measurement of the interference wave in the propagation space according to the electric field strength and the method of measuring the power leaked to the power line.

The electromagnetic compatibility test includes the following test contents:

① Magnetic field sensitivity

(Immunity) The degree of undesired response of equipment, sub-systems or systems exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The smaller the sensitivity level, the higher the sensitivity and the worse the immunity. Including fixed frequency, peak-to-peak magnetic field test.

② Sensitivity to electrostatic discharge

Charge transfer caused by objects with different electrostatic potentials close to each other or in direct contact. The 300PF capacitor is charged to -15000V and discharged through a 500Ω resistor. It can be out of tolerance, but it should be normal after the release. After the test, the data cannot be lost during transmission and storage.

③ Transient sensitivity of LED power supply

Including spike sensitivity (0.5μs, 10μs 2 times), voltage transient sensitivity (10%-30%, 30S recovery), frequency transient sensitivity (5%-10%, 30S recovery).

④ Radiation sensitivity

A measure of the radiated interference field that causes equipment degradation. (14kHz-1GHz, electric field intensity is 1V/M).

⑤ Conduction sensitivity

A measure of the interference signal or voltage on the power, control, or signal line when it causes an undesirable response of the device or causes its performance to degrade. (30Hz-50kHz/3V, 50kHz-400MHz/1V).

⑥ Magnetic field interference in non-working state

The packing box is 4.6m, and the magnetic flux density is less than 0.525μT; 0.9m, 0.525μT.

⑦ Magnetic field interference in working state

The up, down, left and right AC magnetic flux density is less than 0.5mT.

⑧ Conducted interference The interference that propagates along the conductor. 10kHz-30MHz, 60(48)dBμV.

⑨ Radiated interference: electromagnetic interference that propagates through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. 10kHz-1000MHz, 30 shielded room 60 (54) μV/m.

The LED power supply is small and lightweight, low driving voltage, full color, long life, high efficiency, vibration resistance, easy to control light and other characteristics, which provide superior conditions for lighting systems designed for different places and purposes. People are accustomed to looking at things under the sun. For general lighting, what people need is mainly a light source close to the quality of sunlight, so white LED is an important indicator of semiconductor lighting technology.

Because a single LED has low power and low brightness, it is not suitable to be used alone. For this reason, multiple LEDs must be assembled together to design a practical LED lighting system. However, there is still a certain distance between white LEDs and general lighting requirements, and there are still many technical and cost issues that need to be resolved urgently.

The main technical overview of semiconductor lighting system

The heat management of the luminaire system is generally referred to as a cold light source. This is because the principle of LED light emission is that electrons directly emit photons through recombination without the need for heat. However, due to the existence of Joule heat, LEDs emit heat at the same time, and for high-power and multiple LED applications, the heat accumulation is too small and cannot be underestimated. LEDs are different from traditional lighting sources such as incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. Too high temperature will shorten or even end its service life. Moreover, LEDs are temperature-sensitive devices, and their efficiency drops sharply when the temperature rises. Therefore, system structure design and heat dissipation technology development are also issues that LED applications need to face. Since forced air cooling is generally undesirable in light sources, as the input power increases, heat sinks and other methods to enhance natural convection cooling play an increasingly important role in the design of LED lamps and light sources.

Improve color rendering

At present, white light LEDs generally use blue light emitting LEDs to superimpose yellow light emitting yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphors excited by blue light to synthesize white light. Since its luminescence spectrum only contains blue and yellow spectra, there are problems of high color temperature and low color rendering index, which does not meet the requirements of general lighting. The sensitivity of the human eye to chromatic aberration is much higher than the sensitivity to light intensity. For lighting, the color rendering of the light source is often more important than the luminous efficiency. Therefore, adding an appropriate amount of red-emitting phosphors and maintaining a high luminous efficiency is an important issue in LED white light illumination.

The secondary optical design of the lamp system

Traditional lamps have long used incandescent lamps and fluorescent light sources as references to determine the optical and shape standards of the lamps. Therefore, the LED lamp system should consider abandoning the traditional lamps and the assembly method of the LED light-emitting module, and fully consider its optical characteristics. It is specialized for LED light sources. Design different lamps.

The design content of the optical system mainly includes the following aspects:

Determine the shape of the optical system, the number of LEDs and the size of the power according to the needs of the lighting object and luminous flux;

Combine several LED light-emitting tubes to design a "secondary light source" of point light source, ring light source or surface light source, and calculate the illumination optical system according to the combined secondary light source;

It is very important to control the light distribution of each LED tube on the "secondary light source" that constitutes the design of the illumination optical system.

Since the light beam emitted by the LED is concentrated, it is easier to control and does not require a reflector to focus light, which is beneficial to reduce the depth of the lamp. For example, the use of a flat mirror optical system can illuminate a large surface with only 1 or 2 LEDs, and the depth of the lamp is very thin; and the use of light guide technology, the LED is directly installed next to the light pipe, which can greatly reduce the light source and other components The occupied volume is made into an ultra-thin lamp.

We often encounter the situation that the LED power supply does not light up. Packaging companies, application companies, and the units and individuals that use it may all encounter it. This is the dead light phenomenon that people in the industry say. The reason is nothing more than two situations:

First, the excessive leakage current of the LED causes the failure of the PN junction and the LED lamp does not light up. This situation generally does not affect the operation of other LED lamps;

Second, the internal connecting lead of the LED lamp is disconnected, causing no current to pass through the LED and causing a dead lamp. This situation will affect the normal operation of other LED lamps. The reason is that the working voltage of the LED lamp is low (red, yellow and orange LED working voltage). 1.8V-2.2V, blue, green and white LED working voltage 2.8-3.2V), generally must be connected in series and parallel to adapt to different working voltages, the more LED lights in series, the greater the impact, as long as there is one LED If the internal wiring of the lamp is open, the entire string of LED lights in the series circuit will not light up. It can be seen that this situation is much more serious than the first situation.

LED dead lights are the key to product quality and reliability. How to reduce and eliminate dead lights and improve product quality and reliability is a key issue that packaging and application companies need to solve. The following is an analysis and discussion on some of the causes of dead lights.

1. Static electricity damages the LED chip, causes the PN junction of the LED chip to fail, increases the leakage current, and becomes a resistance. Static electricity is a very harmful devil. There are countless electronic components damaged by static electricity all over the world. Economic losses of tens of millions of dollars. Therefore, preventing static electricity from damaging electronic components is a very important task in the electronics industry, and LED packaging and application companies must not take it lightly. Any problem in any link will cause damage to the LED, and cause the performance of the LED to deteriorate or even become invalid. We know that the human body (ESD) static electricity can reach about three kilovolts, which is enough to break down and damage the LED chip. In the LED packaging production line, whether the grounding resistance of various equipment meets the requirements is also very important. Generally, the grounding resistance is required to be 4 Ohm, the grounding resistance of some high-demand occasions even reach ≤ 2 ohms. These requirements are familiar to the people in the electronics industry. The key is whether they are in place and whether there is a record in actual implementation.

According to the author's understanding, the anti-static measures of general private enterprises are not in place. This is the test record of grounding resistance that most enterprises cannot find. Even if the grounding resistance test is done, it is once a year or once every few years, or there may be problems. Check the grounding resistance from time to time. Everyone knows that the grounding resistance test is a very important task, at least 4 times a year (once every quarter). In some places with high requirements, a grounding resistance test must be done every month. The soil resistance varies with the seasons. In spring and summer, there is more rain and the soil wet ground resistance is easier to achieve. In autumn and winter, the dry soil has less moisture, and the ground resistance may exceed the specified value. Recording is to preserve the original data. It will be well documented in the future. Comply with ISO2000 quality management system. You can design a form for testing grounding resistance. Both grounding resistance testing and packaging companies and LED application companies need to fill in the form for various equipment names, record the grounding resistance of each equipment, and file the tester’s signature.

Human body static electricity can also cause great damage to LEDs. Wear anti-static clothing and wear an electrostatic ring. The static ring should be well grounded. There is a kind of static ring that does not need to be grounded. The anti-static effect is not good. It is recommended not to use the strap. For this kind of product, if the staff violates the operating rules, they should receive corresponding warning education, and at the same time play the role of notifying others. The amount of static electricity in the human body is related to the clothes of different fabrics that people wear and each person's physique. It is easy to see the discharge between clothes when we take off clothes at night in autumn and winter. The voltage of this kind of electrostatic discharge is three thousand volts.

While the ESD value of silicon carbide substrate chips is only 1100 volts, the ESD value of sapphire substrate chips is even lower, only 500-600 volts. A good chip or LED, if we take it by hand (without any protective measures on the body), the result can be imagined. The chip or LED will be damaged to varying degrees. Sometimes a good device passes through our hands. It is inexplicably broken, this is the fault of static electricity. If the packaging company does not strictly follow the grounding regulations, it will be the company itself that will suffer, which will cause a decline in the product qualification rate and reduce the economic benefits of the company. If the equipment and personnel are also poorly grounded, the company that uses LEDs will also cause damage to the LED. It is inevitable. According to the requirements of the LED standard user manual, the lead of the LED should be no less than 3-5 mm away from the gel and be bent or soldered. However, most application companies have not done this, but only separated by the thickness of a PCB board (≤ 2mm) is directly soldered, which will also cause damage or damage to the LED, because too high soldering temperature will affect the chip, which will deteriorate the chip characteristics, reduce the luminous efficiency, and even damage the LED. This phenomenon is not uncommon.

Some small companies use manual soldering and use a 40-watt ordinary soldering iron. The soldering temperature cannot be controlled. The soldering iron temperature is above 300-400℃. Excessive soldering temperature can also cause dead lights. The expansion coefficient ratio of LED leads at high temperatures is about 150℃. The expansion coefficient is several times higher, and the internal gold wire solder joints will be pulled apart due to excessive thermal expansion and contraction, resulting in a dead light phenomenon.

On December 5, 2012, Zhejiang Yangguang Lighting Appliance Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yangguang Lighting) issued an announcement on the part of the company's changes to the investment projects of the raised funds.

According to the announcement, Sunlighting plans to reduce the scale of the “Industrialization Project of 150 Million Micro-mercury Environmental Energy-saving Lamps” to 75 million, and the amount of investment raised will be reduced from 479.9 million yuan to 210 million yuan. After the change, the company will use 269,900,000 yuan of non-public raised funds to implement the "annual production of 20 million (sets) LED lighting product industrialization projects", and the total amount involved in the change of investment will account for 30.02% of the net raised funds.

Sunlight's move to reduce the scale of energy-saving lamps and expand the production of LED lighting has sparked industry thinking. Is the energy-saving lamp "close to the end" and LED lighting can sound the total charge?

In this regard, Sunshine Lighting stated that due to the rapid development and growth of LED lighting in the past two years, the company believes that the input-output ratio of LED lighting is higher after careful consideration and judgment, and its future prospects and market growth potential are greater. Therefore, the board of directors and shareholders are recommended The General Assembly considers the above-mentioned changes to the investment plan.

Cai Weigen, the engineering manager of Sunshine Lighting China Marketing Center, told the reporter of "Lighting Market", "The change of fund-raising investment projects is now biased towards LED. For the company itself, it conforms to the future LED development market trend; for the industry, it is also a guide. effect".

Incandescent lamps still have sporadic fire

When the reporter visited Chengdu Bayi Lighting City, Jinfu Lighting City, and Fuhe Lighting City, distributors said that at present, incandescent lamps have been basically eliminated, and the sales on the market are all below 100W, and 25W is the most sold, often used for decoration. The chandelier is like a crystal lamp.

Zhao Bin, a distributor of Aihua Lighting in Bayi Lighting City, said that some large-scale restaurant decoration chandeliers still use incandescent lamps. There are two main reasons for choosing incandescent lamps.

One is low cost. For example, the Philips 25W incandescent lamp can be as low as 3-5 yuan in large quantities, and the retail price is only about 8 yuan.

Second, the lighting effect is good. If incandescent lamps are used in crystal lamps, the light effect is very soft, but energy-saving lamps can not achieve it. Because energy-saving lamps have phosphor components, the lamp effect is a little blue or green, and the lampshade effect is dim yellow, without a feeling of magnificence.

Yi Yongqiang, a distributor of Philips Lighting's long-term store, mentioned to reporters that there are still incandescent products in the lighting market, which are making huge profits. "

"Faced with the sudden emergence of LEDs, sales of energy-saving lamps this year are not as optimistic as last year, and LED products have a great impact on sales of energy-saving lamps." Yi Yongqiang said that the profit of energy-saving lamps is much lower than that of LEDs.

LED lighting has not yet won people's hearts

Zhao Bin said that the current price and quality of energy-saving lamps are very mature, and the prices of energy-saving lamps have become civilians. The customer's understanding of LEDs is very vague, such as LED quality, brightness, standards, etc. Among them, the most important difference between LED and energy-saving lamps is the price. For example, the price gap between Philips energy-saving lamps and LEDs is very large.

"From our many years of experience in lamp sales, it remains to be seen whether the LED advertising features such as long life and energy saving. For example, whether the output power of the 3W bulb lamp specified by the company is really 3W, we have to raise a question mark. Because our dealers do not There is no relevant technology to evaluate." Zhao Bin said.

Zhao Bin also expressed a headache for the quality of LED products. He mentioned that a batch of LED bulbs and lamp cup products that Ford has been represented by Ford before, there are a lot of problems after the sale, which has caused huge loss of manpower, material resources and financial resources to himself. Because the quality of LED products sold is directly related to the cost of after-sales service.

After the Ford incident, Zhao Bin, who was afraid of it, repeatedly emphasized that the ex-factory price of the LED brand to be represented does not matter, but the quality must be guaranteed to reduce worries, because dealers like them who go through the engineering channel pay special attention to the products. Quality and stability. For this reason, when customers demand a large number of products, they will recommend customers to use energy-saving lamps.

LED lighting wins in the future

“Businessmen who have been engaged in the lighting industry for a long time certainly don’t want to see LEDs continue to grow in chaos. Because although the energy-saving lamp market is now mature, the advantage of energy-saving lamps is only for indoor use. Outdoor lighting must use LED products. Many businesses are concerned about LED lighting. I really hate iron but not steel." said Wu Jie, the peak engineering lighting distributor of Jinfu Lighting City.

How far can energy-saving lamps go? The distributors have told reporters that at least there are still 2-5 years of market share. "If the LED market is not regulated, manufacturers do not reduce prices, and national LED standards are still not issued, then the market for energy-saving lamps may survive longer." Zhao Bin predicted.

At the same time, Zhao Bin also said, "No matter how far energy-saving lamps can go, LED is the future lighting trend is a foregone conclusion. Therefore, dealers are still eager to emerge a good LED brand as soon as possible, leading the industry and realizing the survival of the fittest. Products have been flooding the market. It is the assemblers who benefit, and the consumers who are injured. It is just the "guinea pigs" that LED manufacturers conduct experiments to make consumers pay for their assembling fake and shoddy products.

The transitional segmentation of LED light bar products. In order to seize the market opportunity and enable enterprises to survive in the cruel market competition, LED light bar companies continue to increase R&D, manpower, and market investment, which makes their costs continue to rise, such as walking on thin ice. . LED light bars are currently divided into two major types in the market; generally divided into soft light bars and hard light bars:

The flexible light bar is to weld the LED patch on the flexible circuit board, and the back side is installed in the form of adhesive on the occasion where it is needed. According to the different application occasions and the requirements of environmental illumination, the surface treatment can be divided into glue filling and waterproof treatment. And non-waterproof treatment; For the highest waterproof grade, you can add a transparent casing on top of the glue treatment to improve the waterproof grade;

According to the requirements of the application environment illuminance, the SMD LEDs currently used in the flexible light strips on the market are mainly 3528 and 5050, and the higher brightness level requirements also use the current relatively high-brightness LED types are 2835, 3014 and 5730; and also Increase the brightness level of the area by using the number of lamp beads;

The hard light bar is based on the soft light bar in order to better solve the heat dissipation problem, and the SMD LED is welded on the aluminum substrate, so that the LED can get good heat dissipation under long-term working conditions; and according to The actual installation and heat dissipation require the installation of aluminum troughs. First, to facilitate the installation and increase the area of heat dissipation; the aluminum troughs are generally installed through screw holes or buckles where necessary, such as installation in a high humidity and high dust environment. It can be used for glue filling and dustproof treatment; as well as waterproof treatment; the same LED used according to the requirements of the application environment illuminance is similar to the flexible light bar.

LED flexible light bar: like a patch round two coils, double-sided light, RGB colorful, one light jumps five lights jumps, this part of the market is only produced by a small number of manufacturers, production technology and quality requirements are very high, for many companies Challenging, ordinary small businesses do not have technology and do not do well.

Conventional LED light bar products: Indoor single and dual colors have been made in China for nearly 20 years, and module manufacturers are reluctant to do it. The wholesale of indoor surface mount unit boards has begun a fierce price war. Too many medium-sized enterprises that produce this kind of products wholesale, they all say that this product is simple to produce, large in quantity, and large in market. However, such products are subject to the manufacturers of light-emitting tubes and chips, and upstream companies determine how big the market and how far the wholesale can go. Like Zhiwei light bar is good, whether it is injection molding or lamp bead patch. Including PVC casing, lamp bead patch, widened circuit board, all copper wire. What is more important is a parallel design, which is not available to many companies today.